Which structure in the eye is responsible for color vision?

The structure in the eye responsible for color vision is the cones. Cones are photoreceptor cells located primarily in the retina, and they are essential for color perception as well as for seeing fine detail. There are three types of cone cells, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light corresponding to the colors red, green, and blue. When light strikes these cones, they trigger chemical changes that ultimately lead to the perception of color in the brain.

In contrast, rod cells, while important for vision, primarily function in low-light conditions and provide black-and-white vision rather than color vision. The lens is a transparent structure that helps to focus light onto the retina but does not directly contribute to the perception of color. The optic nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain but does not play a role in the detection of colors itself. Thus, cones are the critical component for color vision in the human eye.