Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased intraocular pressure?

Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which can lead to damage of the optic nerve and vision loss. This condition often develops gradually and may not present symptoms initially, making regular eye exams crucial for early detection. The most common form, primary open-angle glaucoma, occurs when the drainage canals in the eye become clogged over time, leading to a buildup of fluid that increases the pressure within the eye.

Other conditions listed, such as macular degeneration, cataracts, and conjunctivitis, do not typically involve increased intraocular pressure as a primary feature. Macular degeneration primarily affects the retina and does not impact IOP; cataracts involve clouding of the lens, and conjunctivitis refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva without a direct relationship to IOP. Understanding the specific characteristics of each condition highlights why glaucoma stands out due to its association with elevated intraocular pressure.