Glaucoma primarily affects which ocular structure?

Glaucoma primarily affects the optic nerve, making it the correct choice in this scenario. This condition is characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which can cause damage to the optic nerve fibers. Over time, this damage can lead to vision loss and even blindness if not managed appropriately.

The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain, so any impairment in its function can severely impact vision. The process involves both mechanical stress from elevated pressure and potential vascular compromise, leading to a specific pattern of nerve fiber loss.

Other ocular structures, such as the cornea, lens, and retina, play vital roles in vision but are not the primary targets of glaucoma. While secondary effects of glaucoma may influence these structures, the disease's hallmark is its detrimental impact on the optic nerve. Understanding this relationship is crucial for recognizing the significance of monitoring and treating patients who are at risk for or diagnosed with glaucoma.